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        1 - Jews Doctrinal Challenges and Verbal Conflicts during the Life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH
           
        After the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina, several groups such as the Jews who were residing in the city and its neighborhood deployed against the Prophet. As The Holy Quran states Jewish were among those nations who settled in Medina awaiting the prophecy More
        After the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina, several groups such as the Jews who were residing in the city and its neighborhood deployed against the Prophet. As The Holy Quran states Jewish were among those nations who settled in Medina awaiting the prophecy of the promised one, but Because of their hostility to the Prophet (PBUH) and obstinacy in accepting the truth, they forgot the basis of their own religion and tried to oppose the Prophet (PBUH) and prevent the spread of Islam. Secularism of the Jews led them to take military actions against Islam and intrigued against it. Also, by broaching verbal and religious issues, the attempted to hamper the spread of Islam. Verbal conflicts of the Jews and their religious questions, including the prophecy of Mohammad; the dignity of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH); and Qibla shift, during the life of the Prophet have been mentioned and appropriately answered in the Holy Quran to be a lesson for those who seek truth. Citing several verses, commentaries, and historical resources and through a library descriptive-analytical approach, this paper aims at evaluating those doctrinal and verbal challenges Jews used to confront the prophet and his followers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - A research on the historical development and literary skepticism of the Holy Quran
        Karamat Miri Seyyed Mohsen Mirbagheri mojgan sarshar
        Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the word of God, but critics of the Qur'an have always tried to create doubts against this divine book in order to cast doubt on the divinity of the Qur'an Considering the spread of these doubts in the recent centuries and the contexts More
        Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the word of God, but critics of the Qur'an have always tried to create doubts against this divine book in order to cast doubt on the divinity of the Qur'an Considering the spread of these doubts in the recent centuries and the contexts of the emergence of this doubt, in this article, in a descriptive and analytical way, while explaining the literary doubt and the factors of its occurrence and emergence, the course of the emergence and development of such doubt in five The period from the era of descent to the late period has been investigated.The most important findings of this research are: In the era of the descent of the prophet's wisdom, he blocked the way of casting any doubts, while the lack of compilation of the rules of the Arabic language at that time ruled out such a doubt. During the period of the Imams (as) and companions, factors such as; The phenomenon of different readings, weakness in the Arabic script, the presence of similar verses and difficult words, became the basis for literary disputes in this age, which was met with the response of the Companions and the wisdom of the Imams (AS). By moving away from the age of texts due to the spread of conquests, the increase of new converts to Islam, and the hostility of Zandaqah, literary doubts have increased, Islamic thinkers tried to answer these doubts in their writings. In the recent period of disregard for literary rules and the hostile view of some orientalists, literary doubts have developed in a new format. Manuscript profile